主題：從神經外科的觀點看退化性脊椎疾患 1. 脊椎的生物力學Biomechanics of the spine 2. 退化性脊椎疾患Degenerative spine disease A.頸椎Cervical spine B.腰椎Lumbar spine C.紅旗指標Red flags D.陷套與非陷套神經病變Entrapment and Non- Entrapment neuropathies 3. 脊椎變形Spine deformity 4. 骨質疏鬆Osteoporosis 5. 退化性脊椎疾患治療策略Therapeutic strategies for Degenerative spine disease A.保守性療法conservative treatment B.介入性疼痛治療Interventional pain management C.手術治療surgery 6. 特別議題: 下背手術失敗症候群 Special issue: Failed back surgery syndrome (FBSS